Phrasal verbs = 句動詞とも呼ばれます。簡単な動詞＋副詞や前置詞の組み合わせで、その動詞の意味を拡張します。なじみのある単語の「特定の掛け算」で、多くの意味やニュアンスが表現ができます。口語表現（映画やドラマ、日常会話などで、とてもよく使われるもの）では簡単な単語の組み合わせのほうが、特によく使われます。英語圏の学校ではそういう教科書やクラスがあって学ぶようです。（参考画像は引用です）
どんなものがあるんでしょう？サラっとみていきましょう。
下記の句動詞は、よくある一般的なものです。（引用した教科書とは関係がありません。）
気になるところや、自分が使える！とおもえるものは、Googleで調べてみてください。
TraEnglish
| Phrasal Verb | Meaning | Example | In Japanese |
|---|---|---|---|
| account for | To explain, give a reason | I hope you can account for the time you were out! | 説明する |
| add up | To make sense, seem reasonable | The facts in the case just don’t add up. | 理解する |
| advise against | To recommend not doing something | I advise against walking alone in this neighborhood. | しないことを推奨 |
| agree with | To have the same opinion as someone else. | I agree with you. I think you should go as well. | 同意する |
| allow for | To take into consideration | We need to allow for unexpected charges along the way. | 考慮にいれる |
| appeal to | To plead or make a request To be attractive or interesting | He appealed to the court to change its decision. A vacation of sunbathing doesn’t appeal to me. | 要求する 魅力ある |
| apply for | To make a formal request for something (job, permit, loan etc.) | He applied for a scholarship for next semester. | 申請する |
| back away | To move backwards, in fear or dislike | When he saw the bear, he backed away in fright. | 後ずさりする |
| back down | To withdraw, concede defeat | Local authorities backed down on their threats to build on that part of the beach. | 撤退・譲歩する |
| back up | To give support or encouragement To make a copy of (file, program, etc.) | I’m going to be very strict with him. I hope you’ll back me up on this? You should back up all your computer files in a secure location. | 勇気づける 複製する |
| bank on | To base your hopes on something / someone | I’m banking on you to help with the charity event. | 頼りにする |
| black out | To faint, lose consciousness | Jenna fell in the parking lot and blacked out. | 意識を失う |
| block off | To separate using a barrier. | The police blocked off the street after the explosion. | ふさぐ、遮断する |
| blow up | To explode To get angry | Tommy blew up the red balloon. Don’t blow up at me. It’s not my fault. | ふくらませる 怒らせる |
| boil down to | To be summarized as | It all boils down to who has more power. | 煮詰まる、結局、最終的にそうなる |
| break away | To separate from a crowd | One of the wolves broke away from his pack. | 関係を断つ、決別する |
| break down | To go out of order, cease to function To lose control of one’s emotions | The washing machine broke down so we had to call in the repair technician. John broke down when he heard the news. | 壊れる、ダメになる がっかりする |
| break into | To enter by force | Burglars broke into my car last night. | 押し入る |
| break out | To start suddenly | Rioting broke out after the government raised the fuel prices again. | 突然始まる |
| break out of | To escape from a place by force | Several prisoners broke out of jail. | 力づくで逃げ去る |
| break up | To come to an end (marriage, relationship) | She broke up with Daniel after dating him for five years. | 終わりを迎える |
| bring up | To raise (a child) | Sara is bringing up her children by herself. | 育てる |
| brush up on | To improve, refresh one’s knowledge of something | I must brush up on my French before going to Paris next month. | 改良・改善する、向上させる |
| bump into | To meet by chance or unexpectedly | I bumped into Adam at the bank. He says “hello”. | 偶然出会う |
| burn out | stop (something) working become exhausted from over-working | The light bulb burnt out. Please change it. She needs to work fewer hours. Otherwise she will burn out. | 高熱・燃焼で動かなくなる エネルギーを使い果たす（疲弊する） |
| call back | To return a phone call | Could please call back in ten minutes? | （電話） かけた人にかけなおす |
| call off | To cancel | The game was called off because of bad weather. | キャンセルする |
| calm down | To become more relaxed, less angry or upset | It took Kylie several hours to calm down after she saw the accident. | 怒りや動転がおさまって落ち着く |
| carry on | To continue | The soldiers carried on walking in order to get to their post before dark. | つづける |
| carry out | To do something as specified (a plan, an order, a threat) To perform or conduct (test, experiment) | His orders were carried out to the letter. That company does not carry out tests on animals. | 遂行する、 実行する |
| check in | To register at a hotel or airport | They said I must check in at least three hours before my flight. | ホテルや空港でチェックイン |
| check out | To pay one’s bill and leave (a hotel)To investigate | Donna checked out of the hotel this morning.I don’t know if this price is correct. I’ll check it out online. | チェックアウト（お金を払って出る） |
| clam up | To refuse to speak | When the police started asking questions, the suspect clammed up. | 話すことを拒否する |
| clamp down on | To act strictly to prevent something | The local authorities have decided to clamp down on illegal parking in handicapped parking places. | 取り締まる、弾圧する |
| come across | To find by chance To appear, seem, make an impression | I was cleaning up and came across some old photos of you. The politician came across as a complete fool during the TV interview. | 偶然見つける 思いつく |
| come forward | To present oneself | Has the owner of the winning lotto ticket come forward? | 名乗り出る、立候補する（人前にでること全般） |
| count on | To rely or depend on (for help) | You can count on me to keep your secret. | 信頼する |
| cut down on | To reduce in number or size | I’ve decided to cut down on the amount of sweets I eat. | 減らす |
| cut out | To remove using scissors To stop doing something | She cut out a coupon from the newspaper. You need to cut out all red meat from your diet. | ハサミなどで切って取り除く 何かすることをやめる |
| deal with | To handle, take care of (problem, situation) | Catherine is not good at dealing with stress. | 取り扱う |
| die down | To calm down, become less strong | After the storm died down, we went outside to see the damage it had caused. | おさまる、静まる、下火になる |
| do without | To manage without | She didn’t get a salary this month, so she’ll have to do without extra treats. | なしでやる |
| drag on | To last longer than expected | The suspect’s trial dragged on longer than we had expected! | 想定していたより長くなること |
| draw up | To write (contract, agreement, document) | They drew up a contract and had me sign it. | 書く |
| dress up | wear elegant clothes | Their wedding gave us a chance to dress up and get out of the house. | 着飾る |
| drop in | To visit, usually on the way somewhere | Why don’t you drop in to see us on your way home? | 訪問する（途中で立ち寄る） |
| drop off | To deliver someone or something To fall asleep | I’ll drop off the papers later today. I often drop off in front of the TV. | 配達する 寝る |
| drop out | To leave school without finishing | Zack dropped out of college and joined the army. | 退学する |
| ease off | To reduce, become less severe or slow down (pain, traffic, work) | Traffic usually eases off about 7pm | やわらぐ、弱まる、緩和 |
| end in | To finish in a certain way; result in | Her marriage ended in divorce. | 最終的にそうなる |
| end up | To finally reach a state, place or action | If you don’t improve your work habits, you’ll end up being fired. | 最終的にそうなる |
| fall through | To fail; doesn’t happen | His plans to trek through South America fell through when he got sick. | 失敗する、 |
| figure out | To understand, find the answer | He’s trying to figure out how to earn enough money to go on the trip to Spain. | 理解する、答えをみつける |
| fill out | To complete (a form/an application) | Please fill out the enclosed form and return it as soon as possible. | すべて記入する |
| find out | To discover or obtain information | I’m going to to find out who’s responsible for the power cut. | 見つける |
| focus on | To concentrate on something | Tom had difficultty focusing on work the day before his holiday started. | 集中する |
| get along (with) | To be on good terms; work well with | It’s important to get along with your team supervisor. | 仲良くする |
| get at | To imply | What are you getting at? Do you think I’m to blame? | 意味する、言おうとする |
| get away | To escape | I think we should get away for the weekend. | 離れる、逃げる、どこかにいく |
| get by | To manage to cope or to survive | Students without jobs have a hard time getting by. | うまく通り抜ける、なんとか生きていく |
| get in | To enter | When did you get in last night? | 車に乗る |
| get into (+noun) | To enter | How did you get into your car without the keys? | 入る、車にのる |
| get off | To leave (bus, train, plane) To remove | You should get off the train in Kings Heath. I can’t get the ink stain off my shirt. | （車以外の乗り物から）降りる 取り除く |
| get on | To board (bus, train, plane) | I’m trying to get on the flight to Brussels. | （車以外の乗り物に）乗る |
| get on with (something) | To continue to do; make progress | After they split up, she had a hard time getting on with her life. | 続ける |
| get on (well) with (somebody) | To have a good relationship with | He doesn’t get on very well with the other members of the committee. | よい関係を築く |
| get out | To leave | He had a hard time getting out of Newark because of the snow? | 立ち去る （車から降りる） |
| get out of | To avoid doing something | Edna’s trying to get out of working the night shift. | 逃げる、避ける、自由になる、 |
| get over | To recover from (illness, disappointment) | Has she gotten over the flu? Mary had the chickenpox last week but she got over it. | 回復する |
| get rid of | To eliminate | Please get rid of that old t-shirt. It’s so ragged. | 除去する |
| get together | To meet each other | Let’s get together for your birthday on Saturday. | 会う |
| get up | To rise, leave bed | Will you please get up? You’ve got a class in 20 minutes. | 起きる |
| give in | To cease opposition To hand in | We will never give in to the terrorists’ demands. I’ll give in my paper tomorrow. | 屈服する 手渡す |
| give up | To stop doing something | Morris gave up drinking 10 years ago. | することをやめる |
| go through | To experience | Andy went through a lot of pain after his mother died. | 経験する |
| grow up | To spend one’s childhood; develop; become an adult | He’s like Peter Pan. He never really grew up at all. | 育つ |
| hand in | To submit (report, homework) | Please hand in your papers before Friday. | 提出する |
| hand out | To distribute | Susan volunteered at the shelter where she handed out warm clothes. | 配布する |
| hang out | To spend time in a particular place or with a group of friends | Which pub does the team hang out at after the game? | 友人たちとつるむ |
| hang up | To end a phone conversation | If you hang up now, I’ll never speak to you again. | 電話を切る |
| hold on | To wait To grip tightly | Please hold on and a representative will answer your call. She was so scared on the rollercoaster ride that she held on for dear life. | （そのまま）待つ しっかり持つ |
| hurry up | To be quick, act speedily | Hurry up and finish your lunch or we’ll miss the train. | 急ぐ |
| iron out | To resolve by discussion, eliminate differences | The two countries met at the conference to iron out their differences. | 解決する、調整する |
| join in | To participate | Yes David, you can join in the discussion any time you like. | 参加する |
| join up | To engage in, become a member of To meet and unite with | There was a war on, so some kids were only sixteen when they joined up. Let’s separate now and join up later at the restaurant. | 参加する 集合する |
| keep on | To continue doing something | If you keep on making that noise I will get annoyed. | 続ける |
| keep up with | To stay at the same level as someone or something | I read the paper every day to keep up with the news. | 遅れずについていく、（人、会話、進歩） |
| kick off | To begin, start | The rugby match kicked off at 3 o’clock. | 始める |
| leave out | To omit, not mention | Please check your form again and make sure nothing is left out. | 省略する、抜かす |
| let down | To disappoint | I feel so let down because they promised me a puppy but all I got was a doll. | 失望させる がっかりさせる |
| look after | To take care of | Andy can you look after your sister until I get back? | 世話をする・面倒をみる |
| look down on | To consider as inferior | She’s such a snob. She always looks down on anyone who is poor. | 軽蔑する （逆: look up to) |
| look on | To be a spectator at an event | If you don’t want to take part in the game you can look on for now. | 見物する、傍観する |
| look for | To try to find something | Harry went to the shop to look for a new computer. | 探す |
| look forward to | To await or anticipate with pleasure | I’m looking forward to my birthday. It’s in two days time. | 楽しみにする、楽しみに待つ。 |
| look up to | To admire | I always looked up to my father. He was a great man. | 尊敬する （逆: look down on) |
| make fun of | To laugh at/ make jokes about | It’s not nice to make fun of people in wheelchairs. | 笑う・冗談を言う |
| make up | To invent (excuse, story) | That’s a good excuse. Did you make up it up yourself? | いいわけや、話をつくりだす （化粧する・彩るなどもあり） |
| mix up | To mistake one thing or person for another | She had so many cats that she kept mixing up their names. | 取り違える |
| move in | To arrive in a new home or office | Did you hear? Our new neighbors are moving in this afternoon. | 新しく入居する |
| move out | To leave your home/office for another one. | When are you moving out? We need your office for the new guy. | 退居する |
| nod off | To fall asleep | You were so tired after the game that you nodded off on the couch. | うとうとする |
| own up | To admit or confess something | Come on. Own up. We know you did it! | 認める |
| pass away | To die | Your grandfather passed away peacefully in his sleep last night. | 死ぬ |
| pass out | To faint | He didn’t drink enough water so he passed out at the end of the race. | 気絶する |
| pay back | To reimburse | I’ll pay you back as soon as I get the loan. | 払い戻す |
| put off | To postpone, arrange a later date | Don’t put off until tomorrow, what you can do today. | 日程を伸ばす |
| put on | To turn on, switch on | It’s very dark in here. Please put on the light on. | スイッチなどを入れる・Onにする |
| put out | To extinguish | The fire fighters were able to put out fire in ten minutes. | 消す （ほかに 表す・困らせる、など） |
| put up | To accommodate, give somebody a bed | I can put you up until the weekend but then I’m going away. | 宿泊する（ほかにいろんな意味もあり） |
| pick up | To collect somebody | I’ll pick you up at around 7:00 to take you to the airport. | （人を）集めて車に乗せる |
| point out | To indicate/direct attention to something | As I already pointed out, there was a mistake in your calculation. | 差し示す、注意を向けるように指示する |
| rely on | To count on, depend on, trust | You can rely on me. I always arrive on time. | 信頼する・頼りにする |
| rule out | To eliminate | Since he had a sound alibi, the police ruled him out as a suspect. | 抹消する・除外する |
| run away | To escape from a place or suddenly leave | He ran away from home and joined the circus. | 逃げる・突然立ち去る |
| run into | To meet by accident or unexpectedly (also: bump into) | I’m so glad I ran into you. I need to ask you something. | 偶然出会う |
| run out of | To have no more of something. | We’ve run out of milk. I’ll just pop next door to borrow some. | あったものを使い果たす、切らす |
| set off | To start a journey; | Let’s set off early to miss the rush hour traffic. | 出発する |
| set up | To start a business | They set up their own company when they were still in high school. | ビジネスを始める (ほかに 構成する、樹立する、組み立てるなど） |
| shop around | To compare prices | Don’t buy that. Let’s shop around and see if we can find something cheaper. | 価格を比べる |
| show off | To brag or want to be admired | He’s such a show off. He has to tell everybody about his new computer. | 褒められようと見せびらかす |
| show up | To appear/arrive | I don’t think she’ll show up tonight. Her daughter is sick. | あらわれる・到着する |
| shut up (impolite) | To be silent, stop talking | Shut up, you’re spoiling the movie! | 話すのをやめる（野蛮な言葉） |
| sit down | To take a seat | I think you should sit down. It’s bad news. | 座る |
| stand up | To rise from a sitting position | The whole stadium stood up for the national anthem. | 立ち上がる |
| stick up for | To defend | My big brother always stuck up for me when I got into a fight. | 守る |
| take after | To resemble, in appearance or character | Angie really takes after her grandmother. | 似ている |
| take care of | To look after | Please take care of my cat when I’m away. | 世話をする |
| take off | To leave the ground | The plane will take off as soon as the fog lifts. | 離陸する |
| take on | To hire or engage staff | I hear they’re taking on extra staff for this event. | 雇う |
| take out | To remove; extract | Please take out your mobile phones and turn them off. | 取り出す |
| tell off | To reprimand/criticize severely | The coach told her off for not trying hard enough. | 小言を言う、叱る、叱責する |
| think over | To consider | Take your time and think it over before you decide. | 考慮する |
| try on | To wear something to see if it suits or fits | Go ahead, try it on and see if it fits? | 試着する |
| turn down | To refuse | I asked her out but she turned me down flat. | 拒否する |
| use up | To finish a product (so that there’s none left) | Your parents used up all the coffee! | 使い果たす・全部つかってなくなる |
| watch out | To be careful | Watch out! There’s a dog in the road. | 注意する |
| wear out | To become unusable To become very tired | Julie wore out her shoes running the marathons. Julie was worn out after all that running. | 使えなくなる とても疲れる |
| work out | To do physical exercise To find a solution or calculate something | You should work out twice a week at the gym. Can you work this out? I’m no good at math. | 体を鍛える 解決策をみつけること、計算すること |
Phrasal verbsは、動詞拡張って思うといいんじゃないかな？
句動詞っていうのもよくわからない言葉ですね・・
